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1. Nhanganyaya
Kunyungudutsa mhangura kuburikidza ne pyrometallurgical kunoramba kuri nzira huru yekugadzira mhangura yakacheneswa, ichipa huwandu hunopfuura 80% yehuwandu hwepasi rose. Maitiro aya anoshandura copper sulfide concentrates (kunyanya chalcopyrite, CuFeS₂) kuita copper cathode copper (≥99.99% Cu) kuburikidza nemabasa e metallurgical anodziya zvakanyanya. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura flowsheet yakabatana inosanganisira flash smelting, converting, anode refined, uye electrolytic refined.
2. Kugadzirira uye Kusanganisa
Zvinhu zvakasanganiswa nemhangura (25-35% Cu) zvinosvika nengarava huru uye zvinochengetwa mumatura akafukidzwa. Hunyoro hunowanzova 8-12% uye hunofanira kuderedzwa kusvika ≤0.3% uchishandisa makilni anotenderera kana madhiraivha anogadziriswa mvura kudzivirira kuputika uye kushandiswa kwesimba rakawandisa mukunyungudutsa kwemvura.
Kusanganiswa kwakaomeswa kunosanganiswa nefluxes (quartz, limestone), reverts, uye converter slag muzvikamu zvakarongwa zvakanaka. Miti yemazuva ano inoshandisa madhisiki anongoerekana agadzirwa uye masisitimu emasero anorema kuti asvike pakusanganisa kwakarurama mukati me ±0.5%.
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3. Kunyungudutsa kweFlash
Kunyungudutsa kwechiedza ndiyo tekinoroji yepamusoro-soro yekurapa copper sulfide concentrates, inomiririrwa pasi rose neOutotec (yava kunzi Metso) flash furnaces uye maovens eoxygen akagadzirwa neChina.
3.1 Nheyo yeMaitiro
Kuoma kwakaoma kunopinzwa mumhepo inopisa, ine okisijeni yakawanda (oxygen concentration 75-90%) pa 850-950°C. Kuoma (kuomesa, oxidation, slag uye matte formation) kunopedzwa mumasekonzi 3-5, nekupisa kwe reaction kunochengetedza autothermal operation. Kuoma kwakakosha kunosanganisira: 4CuFeS₂ + 9O₂ → 4CuS + 2Fe₂O₃ + 8SO₂ 2FeS + 3O₂ + 2SiO₂ → 2FeO·SiO₂ + 2SO₂
3.2 Midziyo inokosha
- Mubato wekuita: 11-14 m kureba, 7-9 m dhayamita, wakashongedzwa nezvidhinha zvemagnesite-chrome zvemhando yepamusoro uye majaketi emvura emhangura.
- Mugodhi wekuisa uye wekudhonza: kupatsanurwa kwesimba remagiravhiti (65-75% Cu) uye slag.
- Chitofu chinodziya marara: chinodzosa kupisa kunonzwisisika kubva ~550°C kunze kwegasi kuti chigadzirwe nemhepo.
- Chiyero cheokisijeni neokisijeni: 1.15-1.25 Nm³ O₂/t dry concentrate
- Kupisa kwemugodhi wekuita: 1250-1300°C
- Tembiricha isina kusimba: 1180-1220°C
- Chiyero cheSlag Fe/SiO₂: 1.1-1.4, mhangura muslag ≤0.6%
3.3 MaParamita Ekutonga Akakosha
Kukwanisa kwechoto cheflash chimwe chete kunosvika 4000-5500 t/d concentrate ine kushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa >98% uye inobatwa neSO₂ inosvika 100%.
4. Kushandura
Matte inotamiswa kuburikidza nemidziyo yekuwachisa kana madhishi anopisa emagetsi kuenda kuma converters ePeirce-Smith kana maovheni anochinja-chinja anoenderera mberi.
4.1 Danho rekugadzira tsvina
Mhepo ine okisijeni (25-35% O₂) inofuridzwa kuti iron sulfide ioxidize. Marara ane 2-8% Cu anobviswa mafuta obva adzoserwa kuflash smelting.
4.2 Danho rekugadzira mhangura
Kuramba uchifefeta kunoita kuti Cu₂S ive blister copper (98.5-99.3% Cu) pa1180-1230°C.
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1. Master Coil Loading & Auto-Centering → Mota ye hydraulic coil ye 15-ton + photoelectric servo EPC, kukanganisa kwepakati pemutsetse < 0.1 mm
2. Kusunungura & Kugadzirisa Kusimba → Magnetic powder brake + closed-loop servo control, 50–1500 N inogadziriswa zvakanaka
3. Kucheka Kwakarurama → Tungsten carbide kana PM HSS discs dzakatorwa kunze kwenyika, spindle runout ≤ 0.002 mm, spacers pasi kusvika ±0.001 mm, muripo wekupfeka panguva chaiyo
4. Kubata Edge Trim → Zvishandiso zvekubvisa tsvina zvemusoro wepaviri; zvidimbu zvinodzoserwa sema coil kana zvakapwanywa panzvimbo yacho
5. Kudzoreredza & Kuzviparadzanisa Nevamwe → Kuzviparadzanisa kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe patambo imwe neimwe, mandrel emhepo + dziviriro yekona otomatiki, kurongeka kwechiso ≤ ±0.3 mm
6. Kucheka otomatiki & Kurongedza → Kuderedza → Kucheka → Kuputira bepa → label → Kuburitsa mumasekondi makumi mana nemashanu
Maitiro Ekucheka Coil Ye otomatiki Yega
5. Kuchenesa Moto weAnode Furnace
Mhangura yeBlister inochajwa mu 50-500 t stationary kana kuti tilting anode furnace kuti iwedzere oxidation.
5.1 Danho reOxidation
Mhepo kana mapfumo eokisijeni anobvisa zvakasara zveFe, Ni, As, Sb, uye Bi setsvina inoyangarara.
5.2 Danho reKuderedza
Okisijeni inoderedzwa uchishandisa gasi rechisikigo, dhiziri, kana matanda kusvika pa150-300 ppm. Mhangura yakacheneswa inokandwa muma anode e300-450 kg (Cu ≥99.0%).
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6.1 Mamiriro Ekushanda
- Kuwanda kwezvino: 220-320 A/m²
- Mhepo yemagetsi yesero: 0.22-0.32 V
- Tembiricha yeElectrolyte: 60-65°C
- Cu²⁺: 40-55 g/L, yemahara H₂SO₄: 150-220 g/L
6.2 Maitiro eElectrochemical
Kunyungudika kweanode: Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ Zvimwe zvinhu zvakanaka (Au, Ag, Se, Te) zvinoshuma kune anode slime; zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvinopinda mumushonga. Kugadzika kwecathode kunobereka ≥99.993% Cu inosangana nezvinodiwa zveLME Grade A.
7. Kurapa Pasina Gasi uye Kudzora Zvakatipoteredza
Magasi ane SO₂-rich anobva muflash furnace, converters, uye anode furnaces anotonhodzwa, anobviswa guruva, uye anogadziriswa mu double-contact acid plants achiwana >99.8% sulfur recovery. Gasi remuswe SO₂ riri pasi pe100 mg/Nm³. Arsenic, mercury, nedzimwe simbi dzinorema dzinobviswa kuburikidza nemaitiro akasarudzika.
8. Mhedziso
Kushandiswa kwemhangura yemazuva ano kwakabudirira zvikuru, kwave nekushanda kwemagetsi, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza. Mapepa ekufambisa akabatanidzwa ekunyungudutsa-kushandura-anode-kuchenesa-kutsvaira ...
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-24-2025